Current evidence of flexible ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy under local anesthesia: feasibility, safety, and clinical application
Flexible ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy (FURL) is commonly performed under general or neuraxial anesthesia, but local anesthesia (LA) has been explored as an alternative for selected patients. This structured narrative review summarizes current evidence for LA-FURL while explicitly separating LA alone, LA combined wit...