Design and Evaluation of a Dual-Layer Emotion—Personality Framework for Adaptive Conversational Robots
—This paper presents a dual-layer emotional framework for human–robot conversational interaction that integrates internal emotion, representing the robot’s intrinsic affective state, and social emotion, representing outward emotional expression adapted for interpersonal alignment. Unlike conventional dialogue systems that rely primarily on semantic and contextual interpretation, the proposed framework processes user input through three complementary dimensions: content, context, and emotion, while supporting multimodal interaction through voice and physical actions. Emotion computation is regulated using two personality-modulated parameters. Sensitivity controls how strongly external stimuli influence internal emotional states, whereas consideration governs the degree to which the robot aligns its social expression with the user’s affect. A robotic prototype was developed to implement the framework, integrating multimodal sensors and expressive actuators for interactive operation. Preliminary experiments were conducted to evaluate the temporal evolution of emotional states, system response latency, and the influence of personality parameters on emotional behavior. The results illustrate that the system can update internal and social emotional states dynamically, adapt responses according to personality parameters, and generate emotionally coherent multimodal outputs. From a Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) perspective, the proposed framework provides a system-level approach for designing conversational interfaces capable of emotionally adaptive multimodal interaction in embodied robotic systems. The findings suggest that personality-modulated emotional regulation can support more flexible and context-dependent conversational behavior compared with conventional reactive emotional dialogue mechanisms.