Reactive Oxygen Species-Regulating Nanoengineered Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration: A Mechanism-Based Framework of Responsive Delivery, Intrinsic Scavenging, Nanozyme Catalysis, and Osteoimmunomodulation
Abstract Bone regeneration is frequently impaired by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Persistent oxidative stress disrupts mitochondrial function, sustains inflammation, and suppresses osteogenic differentiation. Nanoengineered hydrogels provide versatile platforms for local microenvironment remodeling. This re...