Constant-Time Symmetry Exploitation for NTT Twiddle Factors in ML-KEM: A Unified Cost Model for Embedded Deployments
: The standardization of the Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism (ML-KEM, FIPS 203) creates urgent demand for efficient post-quantum cryptography on resource-constrained devices. In such deployments, twiddle-factor management in the Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) induces a practical trade-off: full table...