Plant-associated microbiomes play a crucial role in environmental detoxification by influencing the degradation, immobilization, and resistance to toxins in polluted settings. The ecological and functional activity of endogenous microbial communities, such as rhizobacteria and endophytic microorganisms, is not well studied when examining contaminants and their environments, despite the fact that plant-mediated bioremediation has garnered a lot of research attention. The majority of previously published research focuses on a single biodegradation route or solitary plant-microbe interactions. Our knowledge of how the microbiome’s composition, functional diversity, and ecological stability of microbial communities work together to produce detoxifying results in practical applications is currently lacking. To advance understanding of how plant microbiomes cooperatively mediate environmental detoxification through metabolic interactions, adaptive responses, and host–microbiome communication, this review integrates insights from microbial ecology and functional microbiology. Its primary objective is to synthesize current knowledge on key microbial functions, including metal sequestration, xenobiotic degradation, redox regulation, and modulation of plant responses to biotic stress, while linking these functions to ecological processes such as host specificity, niche specialization, and community assembly. A distinctive aspect of this review is its ecosystem-level perspective, which shifts the focus from individual microbial taxa to the functional resilience of microbial communities in determining detoxification efficiency. The information provided in this review has a scope to provide framework to develop ecologically-sustaining, microbiome-based strategies for the detoxification of the environment and for conducting future bioremediation research.
S. Selim, K. Adhikary, Riya Sarkar et al.· Frontiers in Microbiology· 0 citations
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug resistant fungal pathogen associated with high mortality rates, rapid global dissemination and resistance to conventional antifungal therapies. It’s remarkable ability to evade host immune responses and persist in health care setting demands the development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies. In this study, a reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics based approach was employed to design a novel chimeric multi-epitope vaccine targeting surface expose N-terminal domain of the agglutinin like protein involved in host pathogen interactions. High affinity B-cell and T-cell (MHC class I and II) epitopes were identified and screened based on antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity and population coverage. Selected epitopes were assembled using optimized linkers (EAAAK, AAY and GPGPG) along with an adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity and structural stability. Physicochemical characterization, structural validation, molecular docking with human Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Normal Mode Analysis (NMA), immune simulation, codon optimization and in silico cloning into the pET28a+ vector were performed to evaluate the vaccine construct. The selected epitopes demonstrated a global population coverage of 97.31%. the final vaccine construct was predicted to highly antigenic, non-allergenic, structurally stable and soluble. Molecular docking analysis revealed strong and stable interactions between the vaccine construct and human TLR4, with a binding energy of − 906.1 kcal/mol. Normal Mode Analysis further supported the structural stability of the vaccine receptor complex. Immune simulations predicted robust primary and secondary responses characterized by elevated IgG and IgM antibodies along with a Th1-skewed cytokine profile dominated by IFN-γ and IL-2 expression. Codon optimization and in-silico cloning indicated favorable translational efficiency in the pET28a+ expression system. The designed chimeric multi epitope vaccine demonstrated promising immunogenic, structural and receptor binding properties against Candida auris. These findings suggest that the proposed vaccine construct may serve as a potential candidate for further experimental validation and future development of effective immunotherapeutic interventions against multidrug- resistant fungal infections.
Maha A. Aljumaa, Khaled Alzhrani, D. Fallatah et al.· Scientific Reports· 0 citations
The results highlight the potential of the proposed multi-epitope construct as a promising vaccine candidate against HCMV, however, experimental validation is essential to confirm its immunogenicity, safety, and translational applicability.
O. P. Emmanuel, M. N. Y. Sandrine, Bilanda Danielle Claude et al.· Scientific Reports· 0 citations
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