Review
Open access
Oct 2026
Nanomaterials Reshaping Tumor Metabolism: A New Frontier to Overcome T Cell Exhaustion
Abstract Adoptive antitumor immunity ultimately fails because metabolically hostile tumor microenvironments (TME) drive T cells into a dysfunctional exhausted state that current checkpoint blockade only partially reverses. Crucially, the principal metabolic stresses — accumulation of lactate, lipids and adenosine, depr...
Xiao-Yan Zhu, Lin-Hao He, Jin-Wei Li et al.
· International Journal of Nan... · 0 citations