Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation to prevent rebound pain after interscalene block for arthroscopic shoulder surgery.
BACKGROUND Rebound pain frequently occurs after resolution of single-shot interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) and may diminish the overall analgesic benefit of regional anesthesia. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has demonstrated analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, but its effect o...