TOTAL VERTEX COVER OF GRAPHS
A vertex cover $S\subseteq V(G)$ is called a total vertex cover of $G$ if the graph $\langle S \rangle$ induced by set $S$ does not contain isolated vertices, i.e., $ | N_G(v) \cap S | \ge 1$ for every $v \in S$. The total vertex cover number of $G$, denoted by $\beta_t(G)$, is the minimum cardinality of a total vertex...