Sankha Bhattacharya

Hyaluronic Acid-Polyethylene Glycol-Polycaprolactone Nanocarriers: Accurate Targeting and Multimodal Treatment for Aggressive Cancers

Polymeric nanoparticle platforms for ibrutinib delivery: tackling solubility, CYP3A4-mediated metabolism, and resistance to facilitate BTK-targeted therapy in solid tumours.

Because of its poor aqueous solubility, low oral bioavailability, extensive cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)-mediated metabolism, and acquired resistance, ibrutinib, a first-in-class covalent Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, has shown limited efficacy in solid tumors despite revolutionizing the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Despite growing evidence linking BTK and 65-kDa Bruton's tyrosine kinase isoform (p65BTK) signaling to nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT)-mediated tumor progression, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance, these limitations have limited its therapeutic repurposing in breast, lung, colorectal cancer (CRC), and glioblastoma. While acknowledging the variable clinical applicability of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in human tumors, this review critically assesses recent developments in polymeric nanoparticle (PNP)-based delivery systems for Ibrutinib, highlighting their potential to improve drug stability, enable sustained and stimuli-responsive release, enhance tumor accumulation, and facilitate active ligand-mediated targeting. A thorough literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar found studies published between 2010 and 2026. Preclinical data collectively show that PNPs improve antitumor efficacy, alter the tumor microenvironment, inhibit drug resistance and cancer stemness, lower systemic toxicity, and offer a promising platform for the clinical translation of precision BTK-targeted nanomedicine in solid tumors.

Formulation and Evaluation of Etoposide-loaded Dextran polymeric nanoparticles fabricated with Hyaluronic acid for the treatment of colorectal cancer using network pharmacology, in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo approaches.

Etoposide (ETP), a Biopharmaceutics Classification System class IV drug with poor aqueous solubility, demonstrates limited therapeutic efficacy against colorectal cancer (CRC) because of inferior absorption and off-target effects. To deliver drugs specifically to cancer cells that overexpress CD44, this study developed hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized dextran (DEX) polymeric nanoparticles (ETP-DEX-HA-NPs). Optimised nanoparticles (174.7 ± 3.2 nm, -12.83 ± 1.1 mV) demonstrated significant entrapment efficiency (62.75 ± 2.32%) and drug loading (55.64 ± 3.86%), with partial amorphization validated by FTIR, XRD, Raman, NMR, and DSC analyses. The formulation exhibited prolonged, pH-responsive release, markedly improved solubility (P < 0.05), and greater cytotoxicity in HCT-116 cells (IC50: 6.83 ± 0.35 µg/mL compared to 41.89 ± 1.02 µg/mL for free ETP). It facilitated CD44-mediated uptake, enhanced apoptosis, induced G2/M arrest, elevated ROS production, and inhibited migration while preserving biocompatibility. Network pharmacology and molecular docking identified key interactions with CRC-related targets (e.g., TOP2A, BCL2). ETP-DEX-HA-NPs offer a promising, targeted nanoplatform that addresses ETP's limitations, boosting therapeutic efficacy and safety for CRC treatment.

Nilotinib Tartrate Encapsulated Polycaprolactone Polymeric Nanoparticle Fabricated With Lactoferrin for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: In-Silico and In-Vitro Investigation