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Author

Sander Land

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Preprint Aug 2026

Explicit Boundary Markers for Subword Vocabularies

This work introduces an alternative to standard whitespace conventions using an explicit word boundary marker, which prevents duplication in subword tokenizers, and suggests that duplication carries a cost that compression does not capture.

Sander Land, Clara Meister · 0 citations

Auditing LLM Benchmarks with Item Response Theory

An Item Response Theory-based indicator is introduced that surfaces likely mislabels at 95% precision in the top 200 examples across seven preference and multiple-choice benchmarks using responses from 114 models, outperforming a supervised classifier.

Sander Land, D. Bikel · 2 citations

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