Review
Open access
Oct 2026
Postbiotics as Regulators of Gene Expression and Enzymatic Activity in Fish and Shellfish: Implications for Growth, Immunity, and Reproduction
This review synthesizes current preparation methods, active components, and evidence of biological activity for postbiotics, identifies key research gaps, and highlights priorities such as diversified formulations, exploration of synergistic combinations with other feed additives, standardization of experimental approa...
E. Ahmadifar, Majid Khanzadeh, Saeedeh Hosseini et al.
· F1000Research · 0 citations