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Review Open access Sep 2026

Insufficient Effort Responding and Adolescent Respondents: Measurement, Extent, and Prediction

This article addresses insufficient effort responding (IER), an issue in survey research affecting data quality. We focus on predicting reactive-check-based IER classifications through nonreactive measures and estimating the proportion of respondents classified as IER in a pupil population, using a sizeable adolescent...

Thomas Krause, S. Vogl, Christine Sälzer · 0 citations

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