Preclinical evidence for supra-clinical acute kidney injury: current biomarkers are not enough
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in hospitalized patients, affecting up to 50% of those in intensive care units (ICU). It is linked to high morbidity and mortality, with severity closely tied to patient outcomes. While early biomarkers like KIM1 and NGAL can detect subclinical AKI, their practical b...