Gill epithelial responses of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 as sensitive histological biomarkers of sublethal anthropogenic stress in the Ile River (Kazakhstan)
Abstract The gills of teleost fish are multifunctional organs involved in respiration, osmoregulation, and immune defense, and are highly sensitive to environmental stressors. This study evaluated the histological and ultrastructural condition of the gill epithelium of common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) inhab...