SOA-ECCH: Sandpiper Optimization Algorithm based, Energy Conscious Cluster Head Selection for Smart City Internet of Things Networks
In the recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed many areas of society and improved human life by changing the way data is conveyed. IoT technology is now part of everyday life, transforming the way cities use resources, provide services, and allow individuals to interact with each other. The spread of IoT has resulted in more efficient and responsive urban systems, tailor-made services, and new ways of social interaction. Data from sensors and smart meters are utilized in intelligent cities to enhance public services, infrastructure, and utilities. WSNs are essential for gathering data in IoT systems over the long term. Data are delivered to the sink node through networks, and having strong connectivity between the sensor nodes is essential in IoT systems. Clustering techniques are popular in IoT to save power at the node level and enhance battery life. Improving the capacity and longevity of the clustered network depends on the careful selection of Cluster Heads (CHs). Over the past decade, studies on optimal Cluster Head selection have decreased energy consumption by a considerable amount. The wrong Cluster Head selection not only speeds up battery drain but also prolongs the network convergence time. To address this challenge, this research article proposes the Sandpiper Optimization Algorithmbased Energy-Conscious Cluster Head (SOA-ECCH) algorithm. It utilizes both distance constraints and residual energy levels to improve network performance and lifespan. The enhanced SOA-ECCH effectively minimizes energy consumption among network nodes while boosting network lifetime and throughput.