Review
Open access
Oct 2026
Biological Variability and Biomedical Innovation in Personalized Orthodontics: A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis
Background/Objectives: Orthodontic treatment response varies considerably among patients because mechanical loading interacts with individual biological, anatomical, systemic, and behavioral characteristics. Advances in mechanobiology, molecular biomarkers, omics technologies, and artificial intelligence (AI) may suppo...
S. La Rosa, R. Leonardi, Vincenzo D'Antò et al.
· Journal of Clinical Medicine · 0 citations