Review
Open access
Nov 2026
Carbon-Integration Nodes Linking CO2 Capture and Waste-Biomass Valorization: Catalysts, Feed Constraints, and System-Level Performance
A carbon-circular refinery must do more than place CO2 capture, biomass conversion, and catalytic upgrading in the same flowsheet: it must connect them at integration nodes where carbon losses, feed composition, catalyst durability, hydrogen demand, and separation duty can be evaluated together. This critical review th...
G. Asghar, Farooq Ahmad, Asfandyar Khan et al.
· Catalysts · 0 citations