Role of Artificial Intelligence in Managing Large Classrooms in Higher Education: A PRISMA-Based Thematic Review
The rapid expansion of higher education enrolment has created unprecedented challenges in managing large classrooms, prompting institutions to explore artificial intelligence (AI) as a transformative solution. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, synthesises current research on AI applications in large-class management within higher education settings. A comprehensive search of academic databases yielded 47 studies that met the inclusion criteria, published between 2018 and 2024. Thematic analysis revealed five key domains: automated assessment and feedback systems, intelligent tutoring and personalised learning, student engagement monitoring, administrative task automation, and predictive analytics for student success. Findings indicate that AI technologies significantly enhance instructor efficiency, improve student engagement, and enable personalised learning at scale. However, implementation challenges, including technological infrastructure, faculty training needs, ethical considerations, and concerns about data privacy, emerged as critical barriers. The review identifies a notable gap between AI's theoretical potential and practical implementation in resource-constrained institutions. This study contributes to understanding how AI can address scalability challenges in higher education while highlighting the need for evidence-based implementation frameworks, ethical guidelines, and inclusive design principles. Recommendations for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers are provided to guide the responsible integration of AI in large classroom contexts.