Industry 5.0 and digital transformation for sustainable textile and manufacturing systems
The rapid evolution of digital technologies has significantly transformed modern manufacturing systems, creating new opportunities for improving productivity, sustainability, and industrial resilience. In this context, Industry 5.0 has emerged as a new industrial paradigm that extends the technological achievements of Industry 4.0 by emphasizing human-centric manufacturing, sustainable production, and resilient industrial systems. Simultaneously, digital transformation has become a key enabler for integrating intelligent technologies into both textile and manufacturing industries, supporting resource-efficient production, process optimization, and environmentally responsible manufacturing practices. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the relationship between Industry 5.0, digital transformation, and sustainable textile and manufacturing systems. The study examines the fundamental principles of Industry 5.0 and discusses the role of enabling technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), Digital Twins, Big Data analytics, Cloud Computing, and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), in supporting intelligent manufacturing environments. Particular attention is devoted to the application of these technologies in textile manufacturing, where digitalization contributes to automated quality control, smart textile production, resource efficiency, digital product traceability, and circular production strategies. Based on the findings of the literature review, the authors propose a conceptual model of Industry 5.0-driven digital transformation that integrates three complementary dimensions: Digital Technologies, Human-Centred Manufacturing, and Sustainable Manufacturing. The proposed model illustrates how the interaction among these dimensions contributes to improved manufacturing performance through enhanced productivity, flexibility, product quality, environmental responsibility, and industrial resilience. Furthermore, the model demonstrates the importance of integrating technological innovation with human expertise and sustainability principles to support the future development of both textile and manufacturing systems. The proposed conceptual model may serve as a foundation for future research focused on intelligent manufacturing, smart textile production, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Twins, sustainable industrial development, and Industry 5.0 implementation strategies.