Effect of the build angle on the accuracy of 3D-printed definitive composite resin crowns, onlays, and laminate veneers: An in vitro study.
OBJECTIVE This in vitro study evaluated the effect of the build angle on the accuracy of 3D-printed definitive composite resin crowns, onlays, and laminate veneers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phantom models of a maxillary first premolar, first molar, and central incisor were prepared for crown, onlay, and laminate veneer restorations. The restorations were fabricated using an LCD printer and a definitive composite resin at five build angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 70°, and 90°; n = 15 per group) Trueness and precision were evaluated using root mean square (RMS) values from 3D superimposition analyses of the intaglio, external, and overall surfaces. RESULTS For the crown restorations, the lowest RMS values were observed at a 45° build angle, whereas the highest values were observed at 90°. The build angle did not significantly affect crown precision (P ≥ 0.091). For the onlay and laminate veneer restorations, the lowest RMS values were observed at a 30° build angle, whereas the highest values were observed at 90°. Regarding precision, the 30° build angle for the onlays and the 0° and 30° build angles for the laminate veneers resulted in significantly lower RMS values for the external and overall surfaces (P ≤ 0.012). All the RMS values remained below the clinically acceptable threshold of 100 μm. CONCLUSION The build angle significantly influenced the accuracy of 3D-printed definitive composite resin restorations. The optimal build angle depended on the restoration type, with 45° for crowns and 30° for onlays and laminate veneers. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Appropriate build angle selection may improve the manufacturing accuracy and clinical fit of 3D-printed definitive composite resin restorations.