Climate variability and change on the agricultural sector are projected to steadily manifest directly from changes in land and water regimes. Climate change is expected to result in long-term water and other resource shortages, worsening soil conditions, drought and desertification, disease and pest outbreaks on crops and livestock, sea-level rise, and so on. Vulnerable areas are expected to experience losses in agricultural productivity, primarily due to reductions in crop yields. Global estimates predict (without consideration of CO2 fertilization effects or adaptation) a 20–30 percent reduction in grain production. Latest research results revealed that gains in soil organic carbon have been overestimated and are partly or completely offset by increased N2O emissions. Seed banks that maintain a variety of seed types provide an opportunity for farmers to diversify, allowing them to both counter the threat of climate change and develop a profitable specialization. Some strategies for stabilizing the yield of agriculture crops need to be developed on war footing and major among them could be both mitigation strategies as well as adaptation strategies. The former includes shift towards renewable energy, sustainable agriculture and even sustainable transport system which involves least fuel consumption. However, the adaptation strategies may include planed infrastructure development, restoration of ecosystem and above all climate resilient agriculture including reduced waste consumption.
S. Wani, M. F. Baqual, Iqbal H. Qadri et al.· SKUAST journal of research· 0 citations
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop of paramount importance to food security in India, yet its productivity remains constrained by a complex interplay of technical, economic and marketing barriers at the farm level. The present study was undertaken to identify, analyse and rank the key constraints affecting the adoption of recommended rice production technologies among smallholder farmers in Karnal district, Haryana. A multi-stage sampling design was employed, in which three blocks (Karnal, Gharaunda and Nilokheri) were selected on the basis of their relatively low rice productivity. Five villages were selected from each block, resulting in a total of fifteen villages. Subsequently, ten rice growers were selected from each village, yielding a total sample of 150 respondents. Primary data were collected from the respondents using a structured interview schedule. The findings revealed that inadequate awareness of scientific recommendations (Garrett Mean Score = 62.4) was the most important technical constraint. High labour costs and the scarcity of local agricultural labour (71.8) constituted the leading economic constraint, whereas price fluctuations and inadequate realisation of the Minimum Support Price (MSP) (Garrett Mean Score = 64.2) constituted the major marketing constraint. Among the suggested measures, subsidies for farm machinery through Custom Hiring Centres (70.8) received the highest economic priority; strengthening agricultural extension services through regular training programmes and field demonstrations (69.5) was the leading technical suggestion; and ensuring effective MSP implementation with timely procurement (69.0) was the principal marketing suggestion. The study recommends strengthening extension services, improving access to quality inputs, promoting farm mechanisation and enhancing market-support systems to improve the adoption of recommended rice production technologies.
Sunil Tarar, H. Malik, S. H. Bhat et al.· Asian Journal of Agricultura...· 0 citations
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