Preprint
Aug 2026
How Should Vision-Language-Action Models Use Proprioceptive State?
Five representative interfaces are implemented -- discrete state prompt, VLM prefix, action prefix, state expert, and feature modulation -- under matched implementation details, and evaluated on 45 atomic tasks spanning three task families plus 20 composite tasks.
Yiren Zhao, Ziyang Chen, Zi-Yang Rao et al.
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