Multi-Objective Optimal Scheduling of an Integrated PV–Energy Storage System Based on MOPSO
With the high-proportion integration of renewable energy, integrated energy systems face greater demands regarding renewable energy utilisation, power balancing, and operational efficiency. By aggregating distributed generation, energy storage and load resources, integrated energy systems can provide effective support for multi-energy coordinated scheduling. This paper proposes a 24 h day-ahead multi-objective optimal scheduling framework for an integrated hydro–wind–photovoltaic–storage energy system based on multi-objective particle swarm optimisation (MOPSO). Firstly, this paper establishes mathematical models for wind power, photovoltaic (PV), hydropower, and energy storage units. Subsequently, it incorporates the outputs of hydropower, wind power, PV, and storage, along with the charging and discharging of energy storage and the process of purchasing electricity from and selling electricity to the main grid, into a unified optimisation model. The objectives are to maximise economic benefit and variable renewable energy utilisation while minimising the peak-to-valley difference in residual load. To address the conflicts between these multiple objectives, a MOPSO algorithm combined with a normalised weighted scoring method is employed to select a compromise optimal solution. Results from case studies based on typical days of the four seasons and various operational strategies demonstrate that the proposed method can rationally allocate the outputs of different energy sources, reduce the system’s dependence on the main grid, and improve variable renewable energy utilisation, thereby providing a reference for the optimal scheduling of integrated energy systems.