Ultrasound-triggered piezocatalytic nanotherapy for intervertebral disc regeneration: remodeling the inflammatory milieu and restoring matrix homeostasis.
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the principal cause of chronic low back pain, characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) catabolism and an exacerbated inflammatory milieu. Given the inherent difficulties in achieving biological restoration through conventional clinical modalities, we herein designed an ultr...