Self-Assembled Molecules Based on a Spiro-Core and Conjugated Linkers Enable 21% Efficiency in Organic Solar Cells.
Conventional carbazole-derived self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are widely utilized as hole-transport layers in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the planar structure of the carbazole core, combined with the conformational flexibility and insulating nature of the alkyl linkers, often results in inadequate SAM covera...