Ru-Heng Zhao

Spatial and Group Equity of Public Services in Oil-and-Gas Cities: A Cross-National Comparison of China and Kazakhstan

Long-term industrial priority development of resource-based cities often squeezes livelihood investment, leading to unbalanced public service distribution, a common problem for oil cities. This paper selects Karamay, China, and Almaty, Kazakhstan, two oil- and gas-related cities as research subjects and compares their...