Review
Open access
Sep 2026
Smart Bioinks for 4D Bioprinting: Requirements, Design, and Applications
ABSTRACT 3D bioprinting is known for its high precision and reproducibility in fabricating complex and customized biomedical constructs. However, its applications are limited by their static nature; i.e., unlike native tissues, they cannot change shape or functionality over time. To overcome this, 4D bioprinting has em...
Shang-Si Chen, Jia-Hui Lai, Qiong-Jiao Zeng et al.
· Advancement of science · 0 citations