Urinary Dickkopf-3 reflects renal and vascular damage in diabetic kidney disease: A cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) is a stress-induced glycoprotein involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and has emerged as a marker of renal tubular injury and fibrosis. Although urinary DKK3 has been associated with kidney disease progression independent of albuminuria, its relationship with vascular dysfunction in diabetic...