This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: to synthesize the existing evidence on the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) interventions in supporting informal caregivers across outcomes including caregiver burden, stress, depression, anxiety, quality of life, self-efficacy,...
Abstract Background Open foundation models designed for on-device and edge deployment, exemplified by the Qwen 3.5 small series (March 2, 2026) and Gemma 4 (April 2, 2026), challenge the default of routing all clinical natural language processing through commercial cloud application programming interfaces (APIs). Objec...
Ravi Shankar· Applied Clinical Informatics· 0 citations
OBJECTIVE
Data extraction is among the most resource-intensive and error-prone stages of systematic review production. Large language models (LLMs) offer potential for automating or semi-automating this process, yet their performance characteristics remain incompletely characterised. This systematic review aimed to com...
Ravi Shankar, Amaevia Lim, Xu Qian· Journal of Biomedical Inform...· 0 citations
This commentary is deliberately framed as a focused extension of the original study’s individual-level findings to the institutional level, rather than a stand-alone organizational literature review, and its scope has been kept correspondingly concise.
Ravi Shankar· SAGE Open Nursing· 0 citations
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