Review
Open access
Sep 2026
Individualizing Perioperative Analgesia: Patient-Specific Determinants of Postoperative Pain and Opioid-Related Outcomes
Background and Objectives: Postoperative pain and opioid requirements can vary widely, even among patients undergoing similar procedures. This narrative review examines how biological sex, age, frailty, chronic pain, preoperative opioid exposure, and psychological factors may affect postoperative pain, opioid response,...
Sarah Kazemeini, Ryan Shih, Sunny Zhang et al.
· Medicina · 0 citations