Development and evaluation of insulin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles incorporated into HPMC/PVA topical film for diabetic wound management
Introduction Chronic diabetic wounds, particularly foot ulcers, exhibit delayed healing due to impaired tissue repair and infection risk. Topical insulin has shown wound-healing benefits, while nanotechnology-based carriers such as chitosan nanoparticles embedded in polymeric films can enable sustained and localized de...