Post-mining flooding-induced ground displacements, microseismicity, and gas anomalies: a synthesis of research on the abandoned Ruhr, Saar, and Ibbenbüren hard coal districts in Germany
Raw material depletion, uneconomic production, and government policies will result in the abandonment of hundreds to thousands of underground mines worldwide within the next years. Hence, mine drainage becomes operationally and economically dispensable. Consequently, the mine flooding is initiated by the mine opera...