Carbon Footprint of Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturing: Measuring the Net Global Warming Impact of Localized Mineral Extraction vs. Shipping Supply Chains
The global transition to electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy storage has driven unprecedented demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The environmental integrity of this transition, however, depends on the carbon burden embedded in battery supply chains. This study comparatively evaluates two supply-chain con...