Author

R. Okamoto

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Open access Sep 2026

Effectiveness, safety, and clinical outcomes of treatment with the oral α4-integrin antagonist carotegrast methyl in patients with active ulcerative colitis: a multicenter observational study (CANAL study).

BACKGROUND Carotegrast methyl is an oral α4-integrin antagonist used to induce remission in patients with ulcerative colitis with an inadequate response to 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA). This multicenter, retrospective observational study evaluated the clinical usefulness of carotegrast methyl in real-world practice. MET...

F. Hirai, K. Matsuoka, Kenji Watanabe et al. · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · 0 citations

Preprint Sep 2026

Reference-Measure Freedom of the Effective Hamiltonian: From Stochastic Thermodynamics to the Macroscopic Limit

The effective Hamiltonian (EH), also referred to as the potential of mean force or free-energy landscape, is widely used to describe equilibrium properties and slow dynamics in chemical and softmatter systems. However, the conventional EH has been argued to be ill-defined because it does not transform as a scalar under...

R. Okamoto · 0 citations

Open access Aug 2026

Real-world data on the effectiveness of risankizumab as induction therapy for ustekinumab-refractory ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease resulting from inappropriate immune responses and is characterized by diarrhea and bloody stools. Currently, numerous biologics and small-molecule agents have been developed and have improved outcomes in patients with UC. 1 Interleukin-23 (IL-23), a hetero...

Ryo Morikawa, T. Fujii, Akiko Tamura et al. · Intestinal Research · 0 citations