Electrothermal Characteristics of the Electric–Vacuum Heat Pipe in a Low-Pressure Steam Electric Heater: Numerical Modeling and Experimental Study
This paper examines the electric–vacuum heat pipe (EVHP) as the main heat-transfer component of a low-pressure steam electric heater (LPSEH). The EVHP is interpreted as a wickless, closed, gravity-driven two-phase thermosiphon, in which active electrical power is supplied to the lower evaporation zone, while heat trans...