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Qingcheng Zeng

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#artificial intelligence Jan 2026

RAPTOR: Ridge-Adaptive Logistic Probes

RAPTOR (Ridge-Adaptive Logistic Probe), a simple L2-regularized logistic probe whose validation-tuned ridge strength yields concept vectors from normalized weights is proposed, explaining how penalty strength mediates probe accuracy and concept-vector stability and yielding structural predictions that qualitatively ali...

Ziqi Gao, Yao Zhu, Qingcheng Zeng et al. · arXiv.org · 0 citations