Qing-Qing Li

Biomarker-guided immunotherapy in osteosarcoma: from immune microenvironment profiling to patient stratification and combination strategies

Osteosarcoma remains a therapeutically difficult malignancy, particularly after metastatic relapse, and immune checkpoint blockade or adoptive cell therapy has not reproduced the durable responses achieved in more immunogenic cancers. The central translational problem is not a complete absence of immune activity, but m...