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Sponsored AI Networking Cookbook: Practical recipes for AI-assisted network automation and development AI Networking Cookbook: Practical recipes for AI-assisted network automation and development

Author

Qing-Hua Shen

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Jul 2026

Self-Sustaining Catalytic-Immunological Cycle Powered by a Tumor Microenvironment-Engineered Iridium-MnO2 Nanozyme for Photodynamic Immunotherapy.

The hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment limits photodynamic therapy (PDT). We designed a TME-responsive nanoplatform (Ir@MnO2@TK/FA) with MnO2 nanoshells, a perfluorocarbon (PFC)-modified iridium(III) photosensitizer (Ir-PFC), a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive polymer, and a tumor-targeting folic acid ligand. MnO2 decomposes H2O2 to O2, and PFC stores O2, together alleviating hypoxia. Upon light irradiation, enhanced O2 boosts ROS generation via type I/II pathways. In vitro and in vivo studies show efficient O2 self-supply, multiple ROS production, potent cytotoxicity under hypoxia, and induction of necroptosis, pyroptosis, and immunogenic cell death. Released Mn2+ activates cGAS-STING. In vivo, the system relieves hypoxia and reverses immunosuppression. Overall, this work introduces an innovative nanoplatform that establishes a self-reinforcing cycle of hypoxia alleviation and immune activation, offering a potent combinatorial strategy to surmount PDT resistance and amplify antitumor immunity.

Peng Wang, Ying-Ying Han, Qing-Hua Shen et al. · 0 citations
Open access Jul 2026

A molecularly engineered rhenium platform triggers a self-enhancing RNS storm to disrupt tumor hypoxia and resultant immunosuppression

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) faces severe clinical limitations due to tumor hypoxia and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. To address these challenges, we rationally designed a rhenium-based system, RGCS@PEG nanoparticles. This platform incorporates a Cu-doped mesoporous silica core as an efficient carrier for the simultaneous loading of a rationally engineered Re-Bodipy photosensitizer (Re3) and the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). The entire assembly is further coated with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive thioketal-linked polyethylene glycol, enabling targeted payload release in the tumor microenvironment. The molecular design of Re3 facilitates highly efficient superoxide radical (˙O2−) generation via a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-oxidation-driven photocatalytic cycle, initiating oxygen-independent type-I PDT. Concurrently, the GSNO-derived NO not only exerts direct cytotoxicity but also reacts with ˙O2− to form highly toxic peroxynitrite (ONOO−), thereby triggering a self-amplifying reactive nitrogen species (RNS) storm even under hypoxia. This cascade effectively eradicates hypoxic tumors by inducing ferroptosis-dominated immunogenic cell death. Furthermore, the RNS storm directly downregulates the immune checkpoint protein CD24, alleviating immunosuppression. Collectively, this RNS-amplifying nanoplatform represents a strategy that moves beyond conventional PDT by synergistically integrating gas therapy and checkpoint downregulation to remodel the tumor microenvironment and amplify antitumor immunity.

Long-Bo Yu, Qing-Hua Shen, Shuo-Ting Huang et al. · 0 citations

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