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#artificial intelligence Preprint Aug 2026

ZhuLong: Execution-Grounded LLM Agent for EDA Scripting with Offline API Self-Exploration

EDA scripting with tool-specific, often undocumented APIs remains a long-tail bottleneck that existing LLMs fail to address. This paper presents ZhuLong, an execution-grounded LLM coding agent for PyAether and SKILL that combines API retrieval, documentation inspection, and sandbox execution via unified MCP tools, augmented by an offline API self-exploration mechanism that infers undocumented API behaviors through counterfactual experimentation. We evaluate ZhuLong on EDA-Eval-PyAether, a benchmark of 158 real-world tasks with assertion-based execution, where the complete system achieves 78.5% Pass@1 in the commercial Empyrean Aether environment, substantially outperforming a pure LLM baseline (23.6%). Ablation studies identify sandbox execution as the dominant performance driver (41.2 pp drop when removed), with the self-exploration mechanism contributing an additional 3.2 pp accuracy gain and a 22.1% reduction in per-task tool calls. On 20 interactive tasks involving unsaved layouts and schematics, ZhuLong achieves 60.0% Pass@1 for PyAether and 50.0% for SKILL.

Yang Liu, Shiwei Hou, Xi-Yuan Chen et al. · 0 citations
Preprint Aug 2026

TextRefine: Improving Textual Fidelity, Spatial Placement, and Glyph Rendering for Text Editing in Product Posters

Text editing in product posters entails inserting new text or replacing existing text while preserving product appearance, background content, and global composition. Despite recent progress in instruction-based image editing, general-purpose models remain unreliable in this setting: they often omit or incorrectly render the target text, place it over salient products or pre-existing content, and produce structurally distorted or visually inconsistent glyphs. We introduce \textbf{TextRefine}, a task-aligned post-training framework that combines supervised fine-tuning with operation-specific reward optimization to address these complementary failure modes. For text insertion, our text-span-level reward jointly assesses semantic fidelity and target-span coverage, penalizes spatial conflicts with products and existing text, and employs a gated structural constraint to preserve non-text regions. For text replacement, our glyph-level reward leverages the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) posterior of the target character to provide graded supervision for fine-grained defects, including missing strokes, structural deformations, and confusion among visually similar characters. We further introduce \textbf{OpenTextEdit}, a dataset comprising 100K images for text editing in product posters, with multi-text layouts, detailed text attributes, product masks, and challenging low-frequency characters. Extensive experiments on both insertion and replacement demonstrate that TextRefine consistently outperforms the evaluated image editing baselines in textual fidelity, placement reliability, and glyph quality while better preserving source-image content.

Honglie Wang, Jia Sun, Zijun Li et al. · 0 citations

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