Mechanistic Approach Towards Structural Design of Aramid-CNT Composites: Bulk Performance Optimization, Multiscale Reinforcement, and Interphase Engineering
High-performance composites development has been focused on enhancing the fiber strength, specific modulus, matrix rigidity, and lightweight frameworks. Aramid Fibers (such as Kevlar, Twaron, and Nomex), being high-performance fibers, have garnered lot of attention as a reinforcing material in polymer composites due to their remarkable properties, including low density and high temperature endurance. Nevertheless, their smooth and chemically inactive surfaces naturally limit matrix adherence and overall structural performance. Researchers have been exploring numerous reinforcements to overcome these issues, and CNTs have surfaced as a viable option for addressing the existing challenges through multiscale bridging, hierarchical structural design, and interphase engineering. Lightweight profiles and superior mechanical strength together have led to their distinct thermal and electrical properties. The structural and mechanical behavior of aramid-CNT composites have been critically assessed in the present work by studying their molecular interactions and optimization routes. Moreover, interlayer designs, functionalizations, dispersion methods, and performance evaluation metrics have also been explored, thereby providing an insight into both present technical hurdles and future development objectives.