Pradip Karale

Advances in Peptide-Based Therapeutics: Formulation Strategies and Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

This review presents a unified innovation framework that integrates upstream molecular engineering strategies including cyclization, peptide stapling, D- and β-amino acid substitution, PEGylation, and backbone modification with downstream advanced delivery platforms such as nanocarriers, microneedles, self-assembling hydrogels, and stimuli-responsive systems, while also addressing critical translational considerations including scalability, regulatory requirements, and manufacturing consistency.