Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Pectointercostal Fascial Block Versus Control and Alternative Regional Techniques in Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Dose–Response Analysis
Background and Objectives: Ultrasound-guided pectointercostal fascial block (USG-PIFB) is increasingly used for post-sternotomy analgesia, but its efficacy remains uncertain. Prior meta-analyses pooled ultrasound-guided blocks with surgeon-performed infiltration, introducing heterogeneity. We aimed to determine the ana...