gPooling: An Elastic GPU Resource Management Framework for On-Demand Virtualization in Shared Accelerator Clusters
With the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and high-performance computing (HPC), GPUs and other accelerators have become a shared computing substrate for a wide range of workloads. However, many shared accelerator clusters still rely on coarse device-level allocation, which often leads to low effective utilization, resource fragmentation, and long queueing delays. Although pooling technologies offer a promising direction, existing approaches remain limited in supporting fine-grained, low overhead sharing across heterogeneous accelerators and diverse co-located workloads. This paper presents gPooling, a hardware-agnostic accelerator pooling framework based on driver-level interception. gPooling creates elastic virtual devices on demand and extends fine-grained sharing across heterogeneous accelerators through a unified control path. We evaluate gPooling using benchmarks derived from real cluster traces and through deployment in a production GPU cluster. Results show that gPooling improves accelerator utilization, reduces user waiting time, and increases the overall efficiency of shared accelerator environments.