A Critical-State Thermo-Elasto-Viscoplastic Model for Frozen Soils under Freeze–Thaw Cycles
This paper presents a critical-state thermo-elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model by integrating thermoelasticity and thermo-viscoplasticity and employing two independent stress variables: solid-phase stress and cryogenic suction. The model effectively captures the time-, temperature-, and rate-dependent behavior of...