INTRODUCTION
Focal therapy (FT) in high-risk or very high-risk prostate cancer (CaP) is not guideline-recommended. However, it may be occasionally used, but its effect on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) relative to standard treatment options such as radical prostatectomy (RP) is unknown and was addressed in the present study.
METHODS
In the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2010-2022), high-risk or very high-risk CaP patients according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, treated with either FT or RP, were identified. A multivariable logistic regression (MLR) model assessed the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and receipt of FT. Multivariable competing risks regression (CRR) models, after 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), tested for CSM differences after adjustment for other cause mortality (OCM).
RESULTS
Overall, 20,192 high-risk or very high-risk CaP patients treated with FT or RP were identified. Of those, 416 (2.0%) underwent FT and 19,776 (98.0%) RP. In the MLR model, rural area of residence and unmarried status predicted a 2.4-fold (P < 0.001) and 1.8-fold (P < 0.001) higher likelihood of receiving FT, respectively. In PSM analysis, 416 FT patients could only be matched with one RP control from 19,776 RP patients. After 1:1 PSM, at 120 months of follow-up, CSM after RP was 9.2 vs. 16.0% after FT. The corresponding OCM rates were 19.5 after RP vs. 31.5% after FT. In multivariable CRR models adjusted for OCM, FT increased CSM in a 2.0-fold fashion (mHR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.17-3.34; P = 0.011).
CONCLUSION
Despite lack of guidelines endorsement, occasional high-risk or very high-risk CaP patients may be treated with FT. Specifically, rural and unmarried patients with high-risk or very high-risk CaP are more likely to receive guideline-discordant FT. Such practice doubles the risk of CSM relative to RP, and its use should therefore be discouraged in this patient population.
L. Quarta, M. Petix, M. Filzmayer et al.· Urologic oncology· 0 citations
PURPOSE
Although tobacco use and occupational exposures are established risk factors for urothelial cancer (UC), the influence of dietary factors remains uncertain. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize evidence from prospective cohort studies examining associations between dietary exposures and UC incidence.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science (May 2025) was performed to identify prospective studies evaluating dietary factors with UC incidence. The risk of bias was assessed using standard tools (CRD420251043101).
RESULTS
From 6253 records screened, 32 prospective cohort studies were included, encompassing 2 277 677 participants. Investigated exposures included fluid intake (four studies, n = 562 038), coffee (four, n = 1 013 624), milk (three, n = 613 141), tea (three, n = 532 949), alcohol (three, n = 694 585), fruits (three, n = 597 753), vegetables (three, n = 555 685), protein (two, n = 469 339), fibre (two, n = 466 577), and cruciferous vegetables (two, n = 1 071 313). Only one study specifically assessed upper tract urothelial carcinoma (n = 80 388). Two studies suggested a borderline inverse association between high fluid intake and bladder cancer (BC) risk (upper 95% confidence interval >0.95), whereas two others found no such association. Three of four coffee studies reported no significant association after adjustment for smoking; one reported a modest increased risk. Fruit and vegetable intake showed modest inverse associations with BC risk in three studies. Most included studies were at moderate risk of bias, and residual confounding-particularly by smoking-remains a concern.
CONCLUSION
Available evidence does not support a strong or consistent association between dietary factors and BC incidence. Although a healthy diet is beneficial for overall well-being, patients should be informed that dietary modifications alone are unlikely to meaningfully alter their BC risk.
Keiichiro Miyajima, Marcin Miszczyk, Navid Roessler et al.· BJU International· 0 citations
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