Comparative Performance of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Chitosan Hydrogels Reinforced With Kraft Lignin and Kraft Lignin Nanoparticles
The development of multifunctional hydrogels combining mechanical stability with environmental responsiveness remains challenging. This study examines poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/chitosan (CS) hydrogels containing kraft lignin (KL) or kraft lignin nanoparticles (KL‐NP) at loadings of 2–10 wt.%. Lignin morphology and...