Matrix Vesicle Nanostructures Guide Spatially Organized Bone-Like Mineralization in Biomimetic Collagen Scaffolds.
Bone formation is tightly regulated by osteoblasts, which secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) components and heterogeneous populations of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Among EVs, matrix vesicles (MVs) are uniquely associated with mineralization and act as bioactive extracellular nanostructures that initiate and spatiall...