Level-Specific Analysis of Intraoperative Computed Tomography-Navigated vs Fluoroscopy-Assisted Lumbar Pedicle Screw Placement Accuracy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
BACKGROUND Image-guided pedicle screw placement improves accuracy over fluoroscopy, but level-specific performance and independent predictors in routine care remain incompletely defined. This study aims to compare intraoperative computed tomography (iCT)-navigated vs fluoroscopy-assisted (FA) lumbar screw placement, wh...