O. Garmata

Managed Decarbonization or Structural Emissions Decline? An LMDI, Gross Carbon-Cost Exposure, and Investment-Capacity Assessment of Germany, Poland, and Ukraine

A decline in CO2 emissions is often treated as evidence of successful climate policy, although the same outcome may reflect technological modernization, economic contraction, demographic decline, deindustrialization, or external shocks. Accordingly, the objective is to test whether comparable headline reductions reflec...