Despite improvements in screening and treatment, breast cancer is still one of the most common cancers diagnosed in women globally and a major cause of cancer-related death. Although 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a pyrimidine derivative, has long been used in systemic treatments for breast cancer, its low oral bioavailability, dose-limiting toxicities, and acquired resistance restrict its clinical efficacy. By enhancing drug stability, permitting controlled and stimuli-responsive release, and facilitating both passive and active tumor targeting, nanocarrier-based delivery platforms such as lipid-based systems, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, nanogels, inorganic nanostructures, and hybrid nanoplatforms offer promising ways to get around these restrictions. This review synthesizes recent high-impact literature on nanocarrier-mediated delivery of 5-FU for breast cancer, covering pharmacological considerations, nanocarrier classes, targeted and co-delivery approaches, stimuli-responsive designs, challenges to clinical translation, and emerging trends such as personalized nanomedicine and AI-guided carrier optimization.
Nisha, Nitish Kumar· GLOBAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUT...· 0 citations
Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of chronic and progressive disorders, which are characterized by selective neuronal destruction, synaptic malfunction and progressive cognitive and locomotor dysfunction. The major ones are Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis which are a formidable and growing global health and socio-economic burden mainly due to demographic aging. Even despite the advances in the symptomatic treatment, predominantly through the cholinergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic system, the current treatment regimens are not able to stop the underlying neurodegenerative events or reverse them. There is mounting evidence that convergent pathogenic mechanisms, such as protein misfolding and aggregation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy-lysosomal pathways, synaptic dysfunction, and chronic neuroinflammation, are convergent mechanisms. These convergent molecular and cellular cascades provide a strong rationale behind the identification of new neuropharmacological targets, which include: kinases, phosphatases, epigenetic regulators, neurotrophic signalling pathways and neuroimmune mediators. Advances in the biomarker discovery, genomics and systems biology have further enabled the use of precision based therapeutic stratification and early-intervention approaches. Genetic, nanotechnology, and RNA-based therapeutics as well as biologics are reconfiguring translational models in neurodegeneration. A mechanism-based, multi-target, precision neuropharmacological approach, as a group, has significant potential in achieving long-term neuroprotection, improved clinical and disease modification in neurodegenerative diseases.
Nisha, Sumairah Qadir· Current Pharmaceutical Resea...· 0 citations
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